What is the meaning of ethnic relationship?
Ethnic
-means connected with or relating to different racial or cultural groups of people.
Relations
-The way people behave.
Ethnic relations
-the area of the discipline that studies the social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society. This area encompasses the study of racism, residential segregation, and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups. The sociological analysis of race and ethnicity frequently interacts with other areas of sociology such as stratification and social psychology, as well as with postcolonial theory.
At the level of political policy, ethnic relations is discussed in terms of either assimilationism or multiculturalism. Anti-racism forms another style of policy, particularly popular in the 1960s and 70s.
In Malaysia, we have to know about the ethnic relations because in Malaysia, we have many cultures and races, so that we have to know each other to live in peace and harmony. That's why the prime minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak have create 1Malaysia, so that we will live in peace and harmony.
Why Ethnic Relations important?
Ethnic relations is important to Malaysians because we have to live in peace and harmony in our country that have many race and culture, so that no warrior between the Malaysians.
Wednesday, July 28, 2010
Monday, July 26, 2010
12 Basic Concepts of Ethnic Relations
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Picture 2:
Here are some information about 12 basic concepts of ethnic relations:
(i) Acculturation
Acculturation is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.
(ii) Pluralism
Cultural pluralism is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture.
One example is Lebanon where 18 different religious communities co-exist on a land of 10,452 km². In a pluralist culture, unique groups not only co-exist side by side, but also consider qualities of other groups as traits worth having in the dominant culture.
The current contemporary art world in the 21st century is an example of cultural pluralism. For another example, a community center in the United States may offer classes in Indian yoga, Chinese calligraphy, and Latin salsa dancing. That community may also have one or more synagogues, mosques, mandirs, gurudwaras, and/or Buddhist temples, as well as several churches of various Christian denominations.
The existence of such institutions and practices are possible if the cultural communities responsible for them are protected by law and/or accepted by the larger society in a pluralist culture.
(iii) Nation
A nation is a group of people who share common history, culture, ethnic origin and language, often possessing or seeking its own government. A nation is different from a country in that a country is the land that belongs to a nation, and from a state in that a state is the government of the nation and country.
(iv) Racism
Racism is the belief that the genetic factors which constitute race are a primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism's effects are called "racial discrimination." In the case of r certain racial groups may be denied rights or benefits, or receive preferential treatment.Racial discrimination typically points out taxonomic differences between different groups of people, although anyone may be discriminated against on an ethnic or cultural basis, independently of their somatic differences.
(v) Segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of different kinds of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a washroom, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. Segregation is generally outlawed, but may exist through social norms. Segregation may be maintained by means ranging from discrimination in hiring and in the rental and sale of housing to certain races to vigilante violence (such as lynchings, e.g.) Generally, a situation that arises when members of different races mutually prefer to associate and do business with members of their own race would usually be described as separation or de facto separation of the races rather than segregation.
(vi) Accomodation
(vii) Prejudice
A prejudice is a prejudgment: i.e. a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment made without recourse to reason; drawing typically instead upon received information or upon instinctual preference. The word prejudice is most commonly used to refer to a preconceived judgment toward a people or a person because of race, social class, gender, ethnicity, age, disability, political beliefs, religion, sexual orientation or other personal characteristics. It also means a priori beliefs (without knowledge of the facts) and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence." Both positive and negative prejudice exist; when used negatively "prejudice" implies fear and antipathy toward its subject, whilst when used positively can be used to decribe intrinsic or subconscious preferences (such as tastes).
(viii) Discrimination
Discrimination is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward or against a person of a certain group in consideration based solely on class or category. Discrimination is the actual behavior towards another group. It involves excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to other groups.
(ix) Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and sub-divisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.
(x) Stereotype
A stereotype is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. Generally speaking, stereotypes are not based on objective truth but rather subjective and sometimes unverifiable content-matter.
(xi) Enculturation
Enculturation is the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviours that are appropriate or necessary in that culture. As part of this process, the influences which limit, direct, or shape the individual (whether deliberately or not) include parents, other adults, and peers. If successful, enculturation results in competence in the language, values and rituals of the culture.
(xii) Assimilation
Cultural assimilation is a socio-political response to demographic multi-ethnicity that supports or promotes the assimilation of ethnic minorities into the dominant culture. It is opposed to affirmative philosophy (for example, multiculturalism) which recognizes and seeks to maintain differences.The term assimilation is often used with regard to immigrants and various ethnic groups who have settled in a new land. New customs and attitudes are acquired through contact and communication. The transfer of customs is not simply a one-way process. Each group of immigrants contributes some of its own cultural traits to its new society. Assimilation usually involves a gradual change and takes place in varying degrees; full assimilation occurs when new members of a society become indistinguishable from older members.
Picture 2:
Here are some information about 12 basic concepts of ethnic relations:
(i) Acculturation
Acculturation is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.
(ii) Pluralism
Cultural pluralism is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture.
One example is Lebanon where 18 different religious communities co-exist on a land of 10,452 km². In a pluralist culture, unique groups not only co-exist side by side, but also consider qualities of other groups as traits worth having in the dominant culture.
The current contemporary art world in the 21st century is an example of cultural pluralism. For another example, a community center in the United States may offer classes in Indian yoga, Chinese calligraphy, and Latin salsa dancing. That community may also have one or more synagogues, mosques, mandirs, gurudwaras, and/or Buddhist temples, as well as several churches of various Christian denominations.
The existence of such institutions and practices are possible if the cultural communities responsible for them are protected by law and/or accepted by the larger society in a pluralist culture.
(iii) Nation
A nation is a group of people who share common history, culture, ethnic origin and language, often possessing or seeking its own government. A nation is different from a country in that a country is the land that belongs to a nation, and from a state in that a state is the government of the nation and country.
(iv) Racism
Racism is the belief that the genetic factors which constitute race are a primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism's effects are called "racial discrimination." In the case of r certain racial groups may be denied rights or benefits, or receive preferential treatment.Racial discrimination typically points out taxonomic differences between different groups of people, although anyone may be discriminated against on an ethnic or cultural basis, independently of their somatic differences.
(v) Segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of different kinds of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a washroom, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. Segregation is generally outlawed, but may exist through social norms. Segregation may be maintained by means ranging from discrimination in hiring and in the rental and sale of housing to certain races to vigilante violence (such as lynchings, e.g.) Generally, a situation that arises when members of different races mutually prefer to associate and do business with members of their own race would usually be described as separation or de facto separation of the races rather than segregation.
(vi) Accomodation
(vii) Prejudice
A prejudice is a prejudgment: i.e. a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment made without recourse to reason; drawing typically instead upon received information or upon instinctual preference. The word prejudice is most commonly used to refer to a preconceived judgment toward a people or a person because of race, social class, gender, ethnicity, age, disability, political beliefs, religion, sexual orientation or other personal characteristics. It also means a priori beliefs (without knowledge of the facts) and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence." Both positive and negative prejudice exist; when used negatively "prejudice" implies fear and antipathy toward its subject, whilst when used positively can be used to decribe intrinsic or subconscious preferences (such as tastes).
(viii) Discrimination
Discrimination is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward or against a person of a certain group in consideration based solely on class or category. Discrimination is the actual behavior towards another group. It involves excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to other groups.
(ix) Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and sub-divisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.
(x) Stereotype
A stereotype is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. Generally speaking, stereotypes are not based on objective truth but rather subjective and sometimes unverifiable content-matter.
(xi) Enculturation
Enculturation is the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviours that are appropriate or necessary in that culture. As part of this process, the influences which limit, direct, or shape the individual (whether deliberately or not) include parents, other adults, and peers. If successful, enculturation results in competence in the language, values and rituals of the culture.
(xii) Assimilation
Cultural assimilation is a socio-political response to demographic multi-ethnicity that supports or promotes the assimilation of ethnic minorities into the dominant culture. It is opposed to affirmative philosophy (for example, multiculturalism) which recognizes and seeks to maintain differences.The term assimilation is often used with regard to immigrants and various ethnic groups who have settled in a new land. New customs and attitudes are acquired through contact and communication. The transfer of customs is not simply a one-way process. Each group of immigrants contributes some of its own cultural traits to its new society. Assimilation usually involves a gradual change and takes place in varying degrees; full assimilation occurs when new members of a society become indistinguishable from older members.
FIRST DAY IN BLOG
For the subject “ETHNIC RELATIONS” (UHM2022), we have formed a group of five people. Our group members are :
1) Khairul afiq bin zakaria
2) Ahmad fatihy bin mohd Subbri
3) Banchaa inthaknu S/O pin
4) Mohd azrin bin mohd arif fadzillah
5) Muhammad mazizan bin msduki
This subject is been teaches by En. Ahmad bin Ibrahim for this semester.The reason why we learn this subject is to promote students’ unity and integration.There are so many field work and other dynamic team activities will be doing for this whole semester. Ethnic relations issues are integrated in the content of the course where students should analyze critically as well as demonstrate positive values and foster unity and integration among students.For this course, there are 4 course outcomes which are the students should be able to describe the characteristics of ethnic composition in Malaysia, identify the strength and challenges in multi-ethnic country, examine the problem related to ethnic relations and also to analyze current issues related to ethnic relations in Malaysia. That’s all a few things about this subject so far, so we hope we can get A for this subject.
HOPE YOU'LL WILL ENJOY THIS BLOG...THANK YOU
1) Khairul afiq bin zakaria
2) Ahmad fatihy bin mohd Subbri
3) Banchaa inthaknu S/O pin
4) Mohd azrin bin mohd arif fadzillah
5) Muhammad mazizan bin msduki
This subject is been teaches by En. Ahmad bin Ibrahim for this semester.The reason why we learn this subject is to promote students’ unity and integration.There are so many field work and other dynamic team activities will be doing for this whole semester. Ethnic relations issues are integrated in the content of the course where students should analyze critically as well as demonstrate positive values and foster unity and integration among students.For this course, there are 4 course outcomes which are the students should be able to describe the characteristics of ethnic composition in Malaysia, identify the strength and challenges in multi-ethnic country, examine the problem related to ethnic relations and also to analyze current issues related to ethnic relations in Malaysia. That’s all a few things about this subject so far, so we hope we can get A for this subject.
HOPE YOU'LL WILL ENJOY THIS BLOG...THANK YOU
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